Panama Trip
November 16-28, 2007

Day 1, Friday November 16, 2007
Day 2, Saturday, November 17, 2007
Day 3, Sunday, November 18, 2007
Day 4, Monday, November 19, 2007
Day 5, Tuesday, November 20, 2007
Day 6, Wednesday, November 21, 2007
Day 7, Thursday, November 22, 2007
Day 8, Friday, November 23, 2007
Day 9, Saturday, November 24, 2007
Day 10, Sunday, November 25, 2007
Day 11, Monday, November 26, 2007
Day 12, Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Day 13, Wednesday, November 28, 2007

SPECIES LISTS

Birds
Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals
Butterflies
Other Insects
Orchids

BIRD LIST

We had 347 bird species for the trip (I personally had 345), with all 4 vultures, 16 hawks, 10 falcons, all 8 expected parrots, 2 owls at day roosts, 2 potoos, 23 hummingbirds, all 6 expected trogons, all 4 expected motmots, all 4 expected puffbirds, all 5 expected toucans, 7 woodcreepers, 15 antbirds, all 6 expected manakins, 46 flycatchers (wowie!), all 13 expected wrens, and 30 tanagers. I personally had 11 "lifers," including two from the "longshot" category (Blue-fronted Parrotlet and Veraguas Mango). The other lifers were Violet-capped Hummingbird, Garden Emerald, Tody Momot, Black-crowned Antpitta, Speckled Mourner, Rufous-browed Tyrannulet, Rosy Thrush-Tanager, Fulvous-vented Euphonia, and Shining Honeycreeper. We also had great views of a number of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and orchids.

In bracket are two numbers, the first is the number of days the species was recorded on (12 days max), and the second is the approximate number of individuals recorded for all days. Underlined species are life birds for Allen.

1. Great Tinamou (Tinamus major) [4/4]
All were at the Canopy Tower where they were mostly heard, with the exception of one glimpsed by some along the road up Semaphore Hill when returning from our night drive.

2. Little Tinamou (Crypturellus soui) [2/4]
One seen briefly by Allen along the Old Gamboa Road, and several heard only responding to whistles along the Cara Iguana Trail.

3. Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) [3/49]
Seen on the Caribbean coast near Fort San Lorenzo, on the Pacific coast at Playa Juan Hombron, at the Gatun Locks, and on the waterfront of Panama City.

4. Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) [6/62]
First seen flying over the hotel in Panama City on our first morning. Others seen wherever there was water, including somewhat surprisingly along the Pacific coast at Playa Juan Hombron.

5. Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) [7/520]
Most (~500) were following the fishing trawlers on the Pacific coast at Playa Juan Hombron, and a few were seen at unusual locations including over the Canopy Tower, over the Old Gamboa Road, and over the dry forest near El Chiru.

6. Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) [1/3]
Only seen in the freshwater marsh near Playa Juan Hombron.

7. Great Egret (Ardea alba) [8/47]
A few along the Chagres River. Most were on the Pacific lowlands.

8. Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) [3/8]
Most were in the Caribbean lowlands, with one on the Chagres River.

9. Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) [3/11]
Only in the Pacific lowlands.

10. Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) [5/94]
Only in the Pacific lowlands.

11. Striated Heron (Butorides striatus) [1/1]
Seen only at Summit Ponds, where there was also a hybrid with Green Heron that had the back pattern of Striated and the rufous neck of Green Heron.

12. Green Heron (Butorides virescens) [6/10]
Seen in the Gamboa area, in and near Colon, the marsh near Playa Hombron, and on the waterfront in Panama City.

13. Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) [1/2]
Both, an adult and an immature, were roosting in a small hammock in the marsh near Playa Hombron.

14. Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius) [1/3]
All were roosting unobtrusively in trees at the Summit Ponds.

15. Rufescent Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum) [2/2]
One was in the pond behind the restroom stop in the city of Colon and the other was eating a snake in the woods along a stream on the Pipeline Road.

16. Green Ibis (Mesembrinibis cayennensis) [1/1]
One flew in and landed in a dense shrubby area along a creek along the Achiote Road. Identified by its shorter, thicker neck and brighter greenish bill.

17. Black-bellied Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) [1/1]
One flew in and landed at the Ammo Dump ponds near Gamboa.

18. Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) [12/1175]
Commonly seen at all locations every day.

19. Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) [12/225]
Commonly seen, usually in small numbers, at all locations every day.

20. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) [1/5]
Seen in the open fields and marshlands near El Chiru.

21. King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) [1/2]
One immature and one adult, both seen quite well, circling over the Canopy Tower.

22. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) [5/6]
Individuals seen along the Chagres River in Gamboa, from the train between Colon and Panama City, and at Playa Hombron.

HAWKS, EAGLES, KITES (Accipitridae) – 15 species

23. Gray-headed Kite (Leptodon cayanensis) [1/2]
Both were seen along the Achiote Road, one fairly close and one quite distant.

24. Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) [1/25]
All were seen from the train between Colon and Panama City.

25. Crane Hawk (Geranospiza caerulescens) [3/3]
One at the Canopy Tower was observed hunting in its unusual style, reaching into a tree cavity with its double-jointed legs. Others were on the Pipeline Road and the Plantation Trail.

26. Semiplumbeous Hawk (Leucopternis semiplumbeus) [1/1]
Seen very well perched along the Plantation Trail.

27. White Hawk (Leucopternis albicollis) [1/1]
One seen briefly but well as it circled close by at Cerro Azul.

28. Common Black-Hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) [2/6]
Two were seen well near Fort San Lorenzo on the Caribbean coast, three were seen from the train between Colon and Panama City, and one was along the road between the Canopy Tower and the Canopy Lodge.

29. Mangrove Black-Hawk (Buteogallus subtilis) [1/1]
An immature seen briefly along the Pacific coast near Playa Hombron. Identified mainly by habitat and proximity to coastline.

30. Savanna Hawk (Buteogallus meridionalis) [2/2]
One was seen from the train as it was leaving Colon, and one was in the El Chiru area.

31. Gray Hawk (Asturina nitida) [3/3]
One immature seen well near Gamboa, an adult near the Gatun Locks, and one along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle.

32. Roadside Hawk (Buteo magnirostris) [1/2]
Surprisingly few seen, with the only observations in the El Chiru area.

33. Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) [7/21]
Seen mainly in forested areas, with the largest number (8) at Altos del Maria.

34. Short-tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus) [4/5]
One over the Canopy Tower by Mike and Sue, others at Fort San Lorenzo, along the drive to the Canopy Lodge, and over Altos del Maria. All in flight, and all light morph birds.

35. Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) [1/1]
One seen circling distantly from the Canopy Tower.

36. Zone-tailed Hawk (Buteo albonotatus) [2/2]
One seen over the Canopy Tower by Mike, and one over the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle.

37. Black Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus) [4/2]
One seen overhead at the start of the Plantation Trail, then heard (and seen by Jeff) flying over the road near there the next day, and farther along the Plantation Trail on yet another day (all probably the same bird). Another was circling high over the Pipeline Road.

38. Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway) [2/5]
Two were along the road up to Altos del Maria, two were in the El Chiru area, and one was near Playa Hombron.

39. Yellow-headed Caracara (Milvago chimachima) [11/32]
Seen almost every time we were in open areas, near water or over agricultural fields.

40. Laughing Falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans) [1/2]
One was scoped high in a tree drying its wings along the Achiote Road, while another was calling distantly from the other side of the road.

41. Barred Forest-Falcon (Micrastur ruficollis) [1/1]
One seen only briefly, and only by Tino and Sue, near the Cerro Gaital Natural Monument.

42. Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon (Micrastur mirandollei) [5/1]
Heard almost daily at dawn from the Canopy Tower, but as is typical it was never seen.

43. Collared Forest-Falcon (Micrastur semitorquatus) [6/1]
Heard almost daily at dawn from the Canopy Tower, but never seen.

44. American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) [4/5]
Seen in Panama City, from the train between Colon and Panama City, along the drive to the Canopy Lodge, and two along the road up to Altos del Maria. Only the two near Altos were seen well enough to determine that they were of the now resident Colombian subspecies that has been expanding its range northward in recent years. North American subspecies also winter south to Panama but are not common.

45. Bat Falcon (Falco rufigularis) [1/1]
Excellent scope views of one that perched in a dead snag high over our lunch stop at Altos del Maria.

46. Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) [1/2]
Seen circling overhead at the junction of the Pan American highway and the road to El Chiru.

47. Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) [2/2]
One seen by some circling fairly low over the Canopy Tower, and one seen well by most flying along the cliffs at Fort San Lorenzo.

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48. Gray-headed Chachalaca (Ortalis cinereiceps) [10/33]
Seen and heard best along the Old Gamboa Road. Also seen at a number of other areas of second growth and scrubby areas.

49. Crested Bobwhite (Colinus cristatus) [1/2]
We worked for quite a while to eventually get fairly good looks at a pair of birds, one of which responded for a long time to Tino’s whistled imitation (very similar to our Northern Bobwhite), along the edge of a cane field near El Chiru.

50. White-throated Crake (Laterallus albigularis) [4/7]
Heard only, at the Ammo Dump ponds and along the Chagres River near Gamboa, and along the Achiote Road.

51. Gray-necked Wood-Rail (Aramides cajanea) [2/3]
One seen by Allen dashing into the woods from the roadside between Gamboa and the turnoff for the Canopy Tower, and two taped into brief views as they ran across the road in the Cara Iguana Trail area near El Valle.

52. Purple Gallinule (Porphyrio martinica) [2/3]
One was at the Ammo Dump ponds and two were along the Chagres River all near Gamboa.

53. Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) [4/30]
Most were in the Gamboa area, at the Ammo Dump ponds and along the Chagres River, and others were at a small wetland where we stopped for a rest stop in Colon.

54. Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana) [6/45]
Adults and immatures seen at every wetland area we visited or went past.

55. Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) [1/1]
Seen from the train as it was leaving Colon.

56. Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) [3/7]
Three were at the Summit Botanical Gardens, one was in Colon, and three were in fields near the Cerro Gaital Natural Area.

57. Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) [1/3]
Seen from the train in a soccer field as it was leaving Colon.

58. Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) [1/4]
All were along the beach at Playa Hombron.

59. Willet (Tringa semipalmatus) [1/75]
In several loafing groups on the beach at Playa Hombron.

60. Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) [3/6]
One was along a creek at Cerro Azul, one was on the Chagres River near Gamboa, and four were around Fort San Lorenzo.

61. Sanderling (Calidris alba) [1/5]
All were on the beach at Playa Hombron.

62. Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla) [4/65]
One was on the Chagres River near Gamboa. Others were near Fort San Lorenzo, Playa Hombron, and Panama City.

63. Gull-billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) [1/10]
All were offshore on the Pacific coast at Playa Hombron.

64. Elegant Tern (Thalasseus elegans) [1/20]
On the beach and flying offshore on the Pacific coast at Playa Hombron.

65. Sandwich Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis) [2/35]
Seen well near Fort San Lorenzo on the Caribbean coast and at Playa Hombron on the Pacific coast.

66. Royal Tern (Thalasseus maxima) [3/15]
Several near Fort San Lorenzo, one at Playa Hombron, and several on the Panama City waterfront.

67. Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) [2/12]
Most were near Fort San Lorenzo, and two were at Playa Hombron.

68. Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) [1/60]
All were flying over the mouth of the Chagres River near Fort San Lorenzo.

69. Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) [7/65]
In towns and cities throughout Panama.

70. Scaled Pigeon (Patagioenas speciosa) [2/4]
Seen in the tops of trees in the distance (scoped) from the Canopy Tower.

71. Pale-vented Pigeon (Patagioenas cayennensis) [3/44]
Seen mainly perched in treetops in the vicinity of the Canopy Tower, Gamboa, and Summit.

72. Plain-breasted Ground-Dove (Columbina minuta) [1/1]
In a scrubby area along the road up to Altos del Maria.

73. Ruddy Ground-Dove (Columbina talpacoti) [7/105]
Seen mostly in open and agricultural areas, with the most seen along the road between the beach and freshwater marsh at Playa Hombron.

74. White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) [8/25]
Seen in wooded and scrubby areas in small numbers in most areas, mostly as birds flying away from us.

75. Brown-throated Parakeet (Aratinga pertinax) [1/10]
All were in a grove of Eucalyptus trees near El Chiru.

76. Orange-chinned Parakeet (Brotogeris jugularis) [9/170]
First seen perched in Gamboa. Most others were in flight at most locations every day.

77. Blue-fronted Parrotlet (Touit dilectissima) [1/25]
A flock calling very high in the trees at Altos del Maria was called into flight directly overhead by Tino. A very unexpected species at this locale.

78. Brown-hooded Parrot (Pionopsitta haematotis) [3/3]
Probably the same three birds seen distantly in the scope in the top of a bare tree at the Canopy Tower three mornings in a row.

79. Blue-headed Parrot (Pionus menstruus) [5/17]
Small groups, mostly flying overhead and identified by their calls and flight style. Seen at Gamboa, Pipeline Road, Achiote Road, and around El Valle.

80. Red-lored Parrot (Amazona autumnalis) [7/32]
Mostly seen flying overhead and identified by their calls and flight style. Several seen perched along the Achiote Road. Not in the El Valle area.

81. Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) [1/3]
Seen in a dead tree in Panama City on our way to the airport on our last morning. Panama City is actually a good place to see this species.

82. Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa) [2/34]
Two large groups scoped across the channel near Fort San Lorenzo, and one small group seen very well in the scope from the Canopy Tower.

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83. Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) [2/2]
One was at the Ammo Dump ponds and the other was along the Plantation Trail.

84. Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana) [9/14]
One or two seen or heard at most forested locations on most days.

85. Greater Ani (Crotophaga major) [1/1]
Seen flying over one of the Ammo Dump ponds, much less numerous than expected.

86. Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani) [4/17]
Seen at the Summit Botanical Gardens, the Ammo Dump ponds, Achiote Road, and on the drive from the Canopy Tower to the Canopy Lodge.

87. Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris) [2/75]
Seen at fewer locales but in greater numbers than the previous species; along the Pan American Highway on the way to El Valle, and in the lowlands around El Chiru and Playa Hombron.

88. Mottled Owl (Ciccaba virgata) [2/2]
One heard on a couple nights at the Canopy Tower, and one at a day roost at Chorro Macho near the Canopy Lodge.

89. Spectacled Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata) [1/2]
Seen at a day roost along the Old Gamboa Road.

90. Great Potoo (Nyctibius grandis) [2/2]
One seen at a day roost (found by Diana from the moving vehicle!) at the junction of Semaphore Hill Road and the main highway, and one seen on our night drive (possibly the same bird) near the small village of Summit.

91. Common Potoo (Nyctibius griseus) [1/1]
Seen on our night drive near the small village of Summit.

92. Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) [1/1]
Seen in the spotlight, but not well, in the grass of a golf course near the small village of Summit.

93. Black Swift (Cypseloides niger) [3/29]
A fairly large group over the Canopy Tower one evening, and a smaller group two days later. Also, one over the Summit Botanical Gardens. Seen quite well. Occurrence of this species in Panama has only been documented within the last 10 years.

94. White-collared Swift (Streptoprocne zonaris) [3/543]
A few were over the Achiote Road and a larger group was over El Valle. The largest group (~500) was along the road up to Altos del Maria.

95. Band-rumped Swift (Chaetura spinicaudus) [1/3]
All were over the Canopy Tower one evening.

96. Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) [2/6]
All were seen over the Canopy Tower on two different evenings.

97. Short-tailed Swift (Chaetura brachyura) [2/31]
All were seen over the Canopy Tower on two different evenings.

98. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift (Panyptila cayennensis) [2/65]
A few were over the Canopy Tower and a larger group was over the Achiote Road.

99. White-tipped Sicklebill (Eutoxeres aquila) [2/7]
Most were well seen on the trail below the home on Cerro Azul, and one was seen briefly but very closely at Altos del Maria.

100. Band-tailed Barbthroat (Threnetes ruckeri) [2/3]
Two were seen repeatedly on the sicklebill trail at Cerro Azul, and one was seen briefly only by Allen at the Canopy Lodge.

101. Green Hermit (Phaethornis guy) [5/30]
Most were at the feeders at Cerro Azul, but also seen at the Canopy Lodge, Cerro Gaital, and Altos del Maria.

102. Long-billed Hermit (Phaethornis longirostris) [8/8]
Two were at Cerro Azul, two were at the Canopy Tower, two were along the Pipeline Road, and two were along the Achiote Road. Formerly called Western Long-tailed Hermit, and Long-tailed Hermit before that.

103. Stripe-throated Hermit (Phaethornis striigularis) [7/12]
One was seen very well at Cerro Azul. Others were seen at the Canopy Tower, along the Pipeline Road, along the Achiote Road, at Cerro Gaital, in El Valle, and at Altos del Maria. (The scientific name shown on our field checklist was incorrect.)

104. White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) [7/35]
Most were well seen at the feeders at the Canopy Tower, though numbers seemed to decrease during our time there. Smaller numbers seen at most locations in the area, but not seen around El Valle.

105. Veraguas Mango (Anthracothorax veraguensis) [1/1]
An adult male spotted from the moving vehicle by Tino, our guide, near El Chiru. Well seen and photographed as it sat in a bare snag for quite some time. A Panamanian endemic species that has recently been split from Green-breasted Mango.

106. Violet-headed Hummingbird (Klais guimeti) [5/4]
One or two were visiting the verbenas at Cerro Azul and one or two visiting the verbenas at the Canopy Lodge.

107. Violet-capped Hummingbird (Goldmania violiceps) [1/1]
A single female seen a few times at the feeders at Cerro Azul.

108. Green Thorntail (Discosura conversii) [1/1]
A female was seen behind the Canopy Lodge during breakfast one morning. Hadn’t been seen here in quite a while so it was lucky we saw it.

109. Garden Emerald (Chlorostilbon assimilis) [3/2]
Seen very infrequently feeding on verbenas at the Canopy Lodge.

110. White-tailed Emerald (Elvira chionura) [1/2]
Both were seen briefly at Altos del Maria.

111. Violet-crowned Woodnymph (Thalurania colombica) [5/14]
Two females were at Cerro Azul and up to 8 males were at the Canopy Lodge. Also seen at Cerro Gaital and Altos del Maria.

112. Violet-bellied Hummingbird (Damophila julie) [5/25]
Regular visitors in fairly small numbers at the feeders at the Canopy Tower. Most common at the ten feeders at the new visitors center on the Pipeline Road. One was in the town of Gamboa.

113. Sapphire-throated Hummingbird (Lepidopyga coeruleogularis) [2/9]
Two were seen poorly and briefly at Fort San Lorenzo. Two were at our bathroom stop on the way to El Chiru, and five were along the road near El Chiru where they were well seen, including males.

114. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) [7/14]
Most were at the feeders at Cerro Azul and the Canopy Lodge. Others were in Gamboa and at Cerro Gaital.

115. Blue-chested Hummingbird (Polyerata amabilis) [8/47]
Definitely the dominant hummingbird at the Canopy Tower feeders, as well as at the Pipeline Road feeders. A few were seen in Gamboa, El Valle, and Cerro Gaital.

116. Snowy-bellied Hummingbird (Saucerottia edward) [10/9]
Most were at the feeders at Cerro Azul and the Canopy Tower. One was also seen at the feeders on the Pipeline Road.

117. Snowcap (Microchera albocoronata) [1/4]
Two were seen high in the canopy and two others were heard, all at Altos del Maria.

118. White-vented Plumeleteer (Chalybura buffonii) [8/12]
Up to four were regular at the feeders at the Canopy Tower, and four were coming to the feeders at the visitors center on the Pipeline Road. Others were in Gamboa, at the Canopy Lodge, and Cerro Gaital. Gave a less harsh call than the next species, and does not show pink feet.

119. Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer (Chalybura urochrysia) [2/25]
All were in the Cerro Azul area, many at the feeders but also in the nearby woodlands and down among the Heliconias. The call reminded us of a distressed Downy Woodpecker.

120. Purple-crowned Fairy (Heliothryx barroti) [1/1]
Seen briefly along the Chagres River near Gamboa, but only by Jose and Allen.

121. Long-billed Starthroat (Heliomaster longirostris) [2/2]
One seen by a few on the grounds of the Canopy Lodge, and one seen well by everyone along the Cara Iguana trail near El Valle.

122. White-tailed Trogon (Trogon viridis) [3/5]
Most were seen along the Pipeline Road, with two along the Achiote Road. Sometimes this species is split into Eastern and Western species, with the birds in Panama belonging to the Western species.

123. Violaceous Trogon (Trogon violaceus) [3/6]
Two were along the Semaphore Hill road, two were along the Old Gamboa Road, and two were along the Pipeline Road. Sometimes this species is split into Northern and Southern species, with the birds in Panama belonging to the Northern species.

124. Orange-bellied Trogon (Trogon aurantiiventris) [2/4]
One female was seen at the Cerro Gaital Natural Monument, and two males and one female were well seen, and scoped, at Altos del Maria.

125. Black-throated Trogon (Trogon rufus) [3/7]
This small trogon was seen well every time we encountered it, including along Semaphore Hill road, the Pipeline Road, the El Charco Trail, and the Achiote Road.

126. Black-tailed Trogon (Trogon melanurus) [1/1]
A male was seen well near Fort San Lorenzo, after the heavy rain had stopped.

127. Slaty-tailed Trogon (Trogon massena) [5/9]
We heard our first one giving its low, barking song at Metropolitan Park in Panama City. Most were along the Pipeline Road, with others along Semaphore Hill road.

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128. Ringed Kingfisher (Ceryle torquata) [5/7]
Seen at various wetland areas throughout the trip, including along the Chagres River near Gamboa, along the Pipeline Road, near the Gatun Locks, and near Playa Juan Hombron, as well as along the roads on some of our drives.

129. Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona) [3/4]
Two were seen at the Summit Pond along the Old Gamboa Road, one was along the Chagres River near Gamboa, and one along the road to El Chiru.

130. Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana) [3/2]
One was very well seen at the Summit Pond along the Old Gamboa Road, and one at the Canopy Lodge revealed itself to only a couple people over Raul’s new pond.

131. Tody Motmot (Hylomanes momotula) [1/4]
At least three called back to the whistled imitation that Tino was doing near Chorro Macho, and a fourth not only called back but approached closely for excellent views. Not as conspicuous as other species of motmot.

132. Blue-crowned Motmot (Momotus momota) [4/4]
One was seen flying over the back of the Summit Pond by Allen only. One was seen well by most along the Chagres River near Gamboa; another was close by along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle, and one was seen by some on the drive up to Altos del Maria.

133. Rufous Motmot (Baryphthengus martii) [9/8]
One was seen daily along the Semaphore Hill Road and a couple were seen along the Pipeline Road. Up to four were along the Plantation Trail and one was seen daily at the feeders at the Canopy Lodge.

134. Broad-billed Motmot (Electron platyrhynchum) [5/18]
Several were seen repeatedly along Semaphore Hill road, and up to 8 were along the Plantation Trail with two pairs excavating nest holes. Several were also along the Pipeline Road.

135. Great Jacamar (Jacamerops aureus) [1/1]
Seen perched and hunting on a bare branch right overhead on the Pipeline Road. It would have been nice to see more of these gems.

136. White-necked Puffbird (Notharchus macrorhynchos) [1/1]
Seen well along the Pipeline Road on our first morning there.

137. Black-breasted Puffbird (Notharchus pectoralis) [2/3]
One was seen well by a couple of us just off the observation deck at the Canopy Tower. One was heard, but seen only by our driver, along the Pipeline Road. Finally, one gave excellent and prolonged scope views to everyone along the Achiote Road.

138. Pied Puffbird (Notharchus tectus) [1/1]
Seen perched conspicuously on a utility wire along the Achiote Road where it allowed prolonged scope views.

139. White-whiskered Puffbird (Malacoptila panamensis) [5/12]
Most common along the Semaphore Hill road. One was approached to within 8-feet along the El Charco Trail. Others were along the Pipeline Road, the Plantation Trail, and the Achiote Road.

140. Spot-crowned Barbet (Capito maculicoronatus) [1/2]
Seen only briefly but very close by in the trees near the home where we spent the morning on Cerro Azul.

141. Blue-throated Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis) [2/2]
Both were seen very well, one at Cerro Gaital Natural Monument and one at Altos del Maria. This species has recently been split from the Emerald Toucanet, and occurs in eastern Costa Rica and western Panama.

142. Collared Aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) [7/14]
Not all that easily seen, except for the one on the sidewalk in the town of Gamboa on one of our drives through to a birding location! Noted along Semaphore Hill road, the Pipeline Road, the Achiote Road, Chorro Macho, and Cerro Gaital.

143. Yellow-eared Toucanet (Selenidera spectabilis) [1/1]
One flew over at Cerro Azul but not seen by everyone, and only Allen had a good enough view to identify it in flight.

144. Keel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) [11/40]
Seen daily at many locations, with the best views at the start of the Pipeline Road, and along the Achiote Road.

145. Black-mandibled Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus) [2/6]
Four were seen well, even though it was raining lightly, at Fort San Lorenzo. Two others were at Altos del Maria. The Central American subspecies (swainsonii) was formerly known as Chestnut-mandibled Toucan, but has recently been lumped with South American Black-mandibled Toucan.

146. Black-cheeked Woodpecker (Melanerpes pucherani) [6/7]
Mostly heard at the Canopy Tower until the last day when one was seen in the scope. Others were along the Pipeline Road and the Achiote Road.

147. Red-crowned Woodpecker (Melanerpes rubricapillus) [9/30]
Seen almost daily at many locations in lowlands.

148. Cinnamon Woodpecker (Celeus loricatus) [3/5]
One was heard distantly at the Ammo Dump Ponds, two were heard along the Pipeline Road, and two were finally seen well along the Achiote Road.

149. Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus) [6/8]
Two were seen very well at the Summit Botanical Gardens. Others were along Semaphore Hill road, the Pipeline Road (also well seen), the Achiote Road, and at the Canopy Lodge by Stella.

150. Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) [2/5]
One heard along Semaphore Hill road, and the rest were seen fairly well along the Pipeline Road.

151. Red-faced Spinetail (Cranioleuca erythrops) [1/3]
All were at mid-levels in the trees, on mossy branches (what wasn’t!), at Altos del Maria.

152. Spotted Barbtail (Premnoplex brunnescens) [1/1]
One seen briefly by some at Altos del Maria.

153. Plain Xenops (Xenops minutus) [7/12]
Small numbers seen in vine tangles in woodlands on most days.

154. Scaly-throated Leaftosser (Sclerurus guatemalensis) [3/4]
Two were seen well at the Pipeline Road on our first morning there, and heard on our second day there. Another was heard along the Plantation Trail.

155. Plain-brown Woodcreeper (Dendrocincla fuliginosa) [3/10]
Usually seen singly in woodlands, and at the meagre antswarms we found, including along the Semaphore Hill Road, Old Gamboa Road, and the Plantation Trail.

156. Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus) [1/1]
Heard only, by Allen, along the road near Cerro Azul.

157. Northern Barred-Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae) [2/2]
One was at the small antswarm along the Old Gamboa Road, and the other was along the Plantation Trail.

158. Cocoa Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus susurrans) [10/27]
Most were heard, and at nearly every forested area we visited. A few individuals were seen, including along the Semaphore Hill Road, the Old Gamboa Road, Plantation Trail, Cerro Gaital, and Altos del Maria. This species was split from Buff-throated Woodcreeper several years ago.

159. Black-striped Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus) [1/1]
Very well seen on our first morning on the Pipeline Road.

160. Spotted Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus erythropygius) [3/5]
Seen mainly at higher elevations, including at Cerro Gaital, Altos del Maria, and along the road near the Canopy Lodge.

161. Streak-headed Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes souleyetii) [1/1]
Seen very well on a burned tree stump out in the open at the Summit Botanical Gardens.

162. Fasciated Antshrike (Cymbilaimus lineatus) [5/5]
Singles were heard along the Semaphore Hill Road; seen along the Old Gamboa Road; seen on the Plantation Trail; heard along the Achiote Road; and seen very well by some on the ground right near the Canopy Tower on our last morning there.

163. Great Antshrike (Taraba major) [1/1]
Heard only, along the Old Gamboa Road.

164. Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus) [5/13]
Seen well pretty much everywhere we encountered them, which was mainly in more open, drier, and lower elevation habitats.

165. Western Slaty-Antshrike (Thamnophilus atrinucha) [8/46]
Although not particularly easy to see, we encountered this species perhaps more often than any other antbird and did get some good views. Seen only in the areas around the Canopy Tower and on our day trips from there, including the Achiote Road. None were at higher elevations farther west around El Valle. A couple years ago, the Slaty Antshrike was split into about 7 species! This is the northernmost (and westernmost).

166. Russet Antshrike (Thamnistes anabatinus) [1/2]
Both were seen, with much effort, by most of us at Altos del Maria.

167. Plain Antvireo (Dysithamnus mentalis) [2/2]
One was heard, and responded to tape, at Cerro Gaital. Another was more responsive and eventually showed itself in a vine tangle at Altos del Maria.

168. Checker-throated Antwren (Myrmotherula fulviventris) [5/23]
Seen in small groups, sometimes seen well. Found along the Semaphore Hill Road, the El Charco Trail, Plantation Trail, Pipeline Road, and one along the Achiote Road.

169. White-flanked Antwren (Myrmotherula axillaris) [4/5]
Seen fairly well, with a little work, along the Semaphore Hill Road and along the Plantation Trail. Also heard along the Pipeline Road.

170. Dot-winged Antwren (Microrhopias quixensis) [7/57]
Not only the commonest antbird we encountered, but surely the easiest to see as they weren’t particularly skulky – usually. They were in small groups, and the most memorable was probably the group with females displaying to males by fluffing up their back feathers, drooping their wings, and fanning their tails like little turkeys! Only in lowland areas around, and on day trips from, the Canopy Tower.

171. Dusky Antbird (Cercomacra tyrannina) [6/22]
Many were heard giving their sharp, bouncing-ball song, but a few were seen well with a little effort including especially along the Semaphore Hill Road and the Old Gamboa Road. Only in lowland areas around the Canopy Tower.

172. White-bellied Antbird (Myrmeciza longipes) [2/5]
Heard only, giving its loud ringing song, with most in the scrubby woods adjacent to wetlands around the Summit Pond, and one heard near the Ammo Dump Ponds.

173. Chestnut-backed Antbird (Myrmeciza exsul) [6/15]
More often heard than seen, but some were quite responsive to tape giving good views, including three along the Pipeline Road that were particularly memorable. Singles at the Canopy Lodge and at Cerro Gaital (heard) were the only ones in that area.

174. Dull-mantled Antbird (Myrmeciza laemosticta) [1/1]
Heard only by Tino and Allen, singing briefly near the bottom of the stairs at the waterfall where we had lunch at Altos del Maria. Did not respond to tape.

175. Bicolored Antbird (Gymnopithys leucaspis) [4/8]
Most were heard. This species is typically only seen at antswarms, and that was the case with the two along the Pipeline Road on our second day there.

176. Spotted Antbird (Hylophylax naevioides) [5/11]
Another species that is often seen at antswarms, but not as tied to them as the preceeding species. Most were heard, but two were seen quite well at the antswarm along the Old Gamboa Road and several seen at the antswarm, and away from it, along the Plantation Trail.

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177. Black-faced Antthrush (Formicarius analis) [9/10]
All but one were heard only, and almost daily. The one cooperative individual was lured into view along the Pipeline Road.

178. Black-crowned Antpitta (Pittasoma michleri) [1/1]
Heard only by most of us, glimpsed by a couple, as it responded in a rather lackluster manner at Altos del Maria. The alarm call sounds somewhat like a Steller’s Jay.

179. Streak-chested Antpitta (Hylopezus perspicillatus) [1/3]
All were heard only, along the Pipeline Road on our full day there.

180. Blue Cotinga (Cotinga nattererii) [1/2]
Two males finally seen on our last morning on the Canopy Tower.

181. Purple-throated Fruitcrow (Querula purpurata) [5/41]
Seen in small groups that were often first located by their querulous (questioning) calls. Only in more mature forest, including along the Pipeline Road and along the Plantation Trail, with a few along the Achiote Road.

182. Golden-collared Manakin (Manacus vitellinus) [3/6]
Two males were well seen along the Old Gamboa Road, one male was along the Pipeline Road, and a male and two females were at Cerro Gaital.

183. White-ruffed Manakin (Corapipo altera) [1/1]
Seen only by Jeff and Cheri, a male described perfectly to the rest of us, at Altos del Maria. It vanished back into the tangles and did not reappear.

184. Lance-tailed Manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata) [2/7]
Four were seen along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle, which consisted of two pairs. The male of the second pair was doing his half of the mating dance, which requires two males. A male and female were seen along the road near El Chiru as well.

185. Red-capped Manakin (Pipra mentalis) [5/16]
One male was a regular fixture adjacent to the Canopy Tower, while others along with females were seen along the Semaphore Hill Road, the Pipeline Road, and the Plantation Trail.

186. Blue-crowned Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata) [6/15]
Males and females were fairly easily seen along Semaphore Hill Road, the Plantation Trail, the Old Gamboa Road, and the Pipeline Road.

187. Thrush-like Schiffornis (Schiffornis turdinus) [1/1]
Heard only, along the Cerro Gaital trail. Did not reply to Tino’s whistled imitation.

188. Brown-capped Tyrannulet (Ornithion brunneicapillus) [6/20]
Several were heard daily at the Canopy Tower, and finally on our last morning one showed itself there. In the meantime, several others were along the Pipeline Road, including one that showed itself to us quite well. Others were heard near Gamboa and along the Plantation Trail.

189. Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet (Camptostoma obsoletum) [4/4]
One was heard at the Ammo Dump ponds near Gamboa, one was seen at the Summit Botanical Gardens, one was seen well near the Chagres River, and one was heard along the Pipeline Road.

190. Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina) [1/1]
A little more colorful than its name suggests, seen well along the road in the El Chiru area.

191. Yellow Tyrannulet (Campsiempis flaveola) [3/7]
Two were heard well, and glimpsed briefly, along the Old Gamboa Road. Four were seen well along the Chagres River near Gamboa as part of the flycatcher flock we had there. One was seen briefly along the Achiote Road.

192. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet (Tyrannulus elatus) [1/2]
Normally heard quite frequently, we did not hear any but saw two along the Chagres River near Gamboa as part of the flycatcher flock.

193. Forest Elaenia (Myiopagis gaimardii) [3/3]
One was heard along the Semaphore Hill Road. One was seen very well, and unusually low in a tree near where we parked at the Old Gamboa Road. One was seen in more typical circumstances, high in the canopy, along the Pipeline Road.

194. Gray Elaenia (Myiopagis caniceps) [1/1]
A somewhat rare species in Panama, we found one singing high in the canopy along the Pipeline Road, and it eventually gave us good, if not distant views.

195. Greenish Elaenia (Myiopagis viridicata) [1/1]
One was near Gamboa, and another was seen very well at eye-level along the Achiote Road.

196. Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster) [6/11]
The first one was seen very well at the Metropolitan Nature Park in Panama City. Others were at Gamboa, along the Achiote Road, along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle, and in the El Chiru area.

197. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher (Mionectes oleagineus) [3/4]
The first one was seen well along the Plantation Trail. Two more were seen fairly well along the Pipeline Road, and one was was at the Cerro Gaital National Monument near El Valle.

198. Rufous-browed Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes superciliaris) [1/2]
A fairly distinctive, though scarce species that eventually gave most of us good, if not distant views in the canopy at Altos del Maria.

199. Paltry Tyrannulet (Zimmerius vilissimus) [4/8]
Singles were along Semaphore Hill Road (heard), in the Chagres River flycatcher flock, and at Cerro Gaital National Monument near El Valle. Several were mostly heard at Altos del Maria.

200. Northern Scrub-Flycatcher (Sublegatus arenarum) [1/2]
Looking like a small, short-billed Great Crested Flycatcher, we saw both along the road through the freshwater marsh near Playa Juan Hombron.

201. Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant (Myiornis atricapillus) [3/4]
The three Pygmy-Tyrant species in this genus, Black-capped in Central and northern South America, Short-tailed in northern South America, and Eared in southeastern Brazil, are the smallest passerines in the world. All of them are less than three inches long, with short tails and appearing more insect-like than bird-like. We saw one (of two present) very well along the Pipeline Road as it came down low for us, a rare occurrence for this canopy dweller. Its cricket-like song was also well-heard. On another day farther up the Pipeline Road one was heard, and another was heard calling along the Plantation Trail.

202. Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant (Lophotriccus pileatus) [3/5]
Two were seen, one at very close range, at Cerro Azul on our first day. One was seen fairly well at Cerro Gaital National Monument near El Valle, and two were heard at Altos del Maria.

203. Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant (Atalotriccus pilaris) [1/1]
Seen quite well right above us in a short tree in an open area along the road from the Pan American Highway to Altos del Maria.

204. Southern Bentbill (Oncostoma olivaceum) [8/20]
Nearly endemic to Panama, ranging only into extreme northwestern Colombia, we eventually got several good looks at several locations in addition to hearing their odd croaking song at many more. Seen well along the Pipeline Road and with the flycatcher flock at the Chagres River near Gamboa. Also at the Metropolitan Nature Park, the Old Gamboa Road, Plantation Trail, and the Achiote Road. The only other species in this genus, the Northern Bentbill ranging from southern Mexico to western Panama, is very similar in appearance and voice.

205. Common Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum cinereum) [4/11]
One was seen well in the fruiting shrub at Cerro Azul. Others were with the Chagres River flycatcher flock, along the road from the Pan American Highway to Altos del Maria, in the El Chiru area, and near Playa Juan Hombron.

206. Brownish Flycatcher (Cnipodectes subbrunneus) [1/1]
Heard only, by some of us, on our first morning on the Pipeline Road. Named for its oddly specialized primary wing feathers, they are easier to find in the dry season.

207. Olivaceous Flatbill (Rhynchocyclus olivaceus) [5/10]
Two seen, including one flying off a nest, along Semaphore Hill Road, four along Pipeline Road (two each day), two along the Plantation Trail, and two along the Achiote Road.

208. Yellow-olive Flycatcher (Tolmomyias sulphurescens) [1/1]
Along the trail at Cerro Gaital Natural Area near El Valle.

209. Yellow-margined Flycatcher (Tolmomyias assimilis) [5/13]
Most were along the Pipeline Road and the Plantation Trail. One was along the Pipeline Road and two were along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle.

210. Golden-crowned Spadebill (Platyrinchus coronatus) [3/9]
Most were along the Plantation Trail, where most were heard but one was seen fairly well, though briefly, where we tried calling it in to tape. Three were heard along the Pipeline Road and one was heard near the bottom of the Semaphore Hill Road upon our departure.

211. White-throated Spadebill (Platyrinchus mystaceus) [1/1]
One was seen flitting back and forth through the dense vegetation at the start of the trail at Cerro Gaital Natural Area near El Valle.

212. Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher (Terenotriccus erythrurus) [3/6]
This normally secretive and uncommon species was surprisingly easy to see with an amazing four in one day along the Pipeline Road. Others were along Semaphore Hill Road and the Plantation Trail.

213. Black-tailed Flycatcher (Myiobius atricaudus) [2/2]
Both sightings were brief, with the bird’s bright yellow rump being the most obvious characteristic seen. One was at the Metropolitan Nature Park and the other was at the Summit Botanical Gardens.

214. Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) [11/38]
Commonly encountered in wooded locations every day. More confiding, and perching much lower, than they do on the breeding grounds. Although Western Wood-Pewee is a possibility, most of the individuals we encountered were giving call notes of Eastern, and the few non-calling birds did not show the darker "vested" appearance of Western.

215. Tufted Flycatcher (Mitrephanes phaeocercus) [1/6]
All were in the mossy cloud forest at Altos del Maria.

216. Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) [7/12]
Most were only heard giving their loud, snapping "whit" call note in wooded areas in the vicinity of the Canopy Tower.

217. Speckled Mourner (Laniocera rufescens) [1/1]
Stella spotted this one sitting in the open along the Pipeline Road. Very similar to the Rufous Mourner, but we had excellent scope views so were able to not only see the spots on the wings but also the very fine scaling on the breast.

218. Bright-rumped Attila (Attila spadiceus) [6/3]
One was heard almost daily from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower, one was heard on the drive up to Cerro Gaital, and one gave us fairly good looks at Altos del Maria.

219. Rufous Mourner (Rhytipterna holerythra) [1/2]
Both were seen, one quite well, along the Pipeline Road where we were able to compare it with the much less common Speckled Mourner. It is odd that two species so similar in appearance are not in the same Genus.

220. Dusky-capped Flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer) [6/10]
The first one was along the Old Gamboa Road, and one was heard on the Plantation Trail. Two were along the Pipeline Road and one was heard along the Achiote Road. An amazing four were along the Cerro Gaital trail, and one was heard at Altos del Maria.

221. Panama Flycatcher (Myiarchus panamensis) [2/2]
One seen briefly only by Allen along the Achiote Road, and one seen well by most in the El Chiru area.

222. Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus) [6/6]
Heard only at the Canopy Tower. Three were along the Pipeline Road and two were along the Achiote Road.

223. Lesser Kiskadee (Philohydor lictor) [4/13]
Seen only in the immediate vicinity of water, as expected. Most were in the Gamboa area, and others were near Summit Pond.

224. Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) [7/35]
Not as common as expected, and birds were in groups rather than found everywhere. Perhaps residents were not breeding? Good numbers were in the Gamboa area, the Summit Botanical Gardens, and in the El Chiru area.

225. Boat-billed Flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua) [7/7]
Widely scattered individuals, heard as often as seen. Seen best at the Summit Botanical Gardens and in the Gamboa area.

226. Rusty-margined Flycatcher (Myiozetetes cayanensis) [4/50]
Commonly encountered in lowland areas near the Canopy Tower.

227. Social Flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis) [8/58]
Found in smaller groups than the previous species, despite its name. We had opportunities to short the two of them out in the Gamboa area, but we saw this species mostly in the Canopy Lodge area, away from the Canal.

228. Streaked Flycatcher (Myiodynastes maculatus) [3/4]
The first one was at the Metropolitan Nature Park in Panama City. One was along the Old Gamboa Road and one was at the Summit Botanical Gardens. The one along the road in the El Chiru area was carrying food into a large, dense tree and emerged without it, suggesting it was feeding young at a nest.

229. Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) [12/430]
One or two seen occasionally from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower was about the only place we did not see lots of these! Commonly seen everywhere.

230. Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) [1/1]
One was in an open field with Fork-tailed Flycatchers along the Achiote Road.

231. Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savana) [4/15]
The first two were in an open field along the Achiote Road. Others were in the lowland areas along the road up to Altos del Maria, along the Pan American Highway on the drive to El Chiru, in the El Chiru area, and even in Panama City on our way to the airport on the last morning.

232. White-winged Becard (Pachyramphus polychopterus) [2/2]
One was at the start of the Pipeline Road and one was at Cerro Gaital.

233. Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata) [3/5]
Three were at the Summit Botanical Gardens, with two seen well. One was heard along the Pipeline Road, and one was seen along the Achiote Road.

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234. Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons) [5/8]
A couple were in the Canopy Tower area, mainly heard only. One was heard at Chorro el Macho and two were seen at Cerro Gaital. Others were in the El Chiru area.

235. Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) [1/1]
One morning we had one that briefly provided good views from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower.

236. Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) [4/4]
Seen along the Semaphore Hill Road, near Gamboa, and along the Achiote Road.

237. Scrub Greenlet (Hylophilus flavipes) [2/2]
One was seen well near the Chagres River in Gamboa and another was seen well in the El Chiru area.

238. Golden-fronted Greenlet (Hylophilus aurantiifrons) [3/6]
Eventually everyone got a look, but they weren’t very cooperative. One was along the Old Gamboa Road, two were near the Chagres River, and three were in the El Chiru area.

239. Lesser Greenlet (Hylophilus decurtatus) [3/6]
Two were seen fairly well along the Plantation Trail, two were along the Pipeline Road, and two were seen well from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower. Looks a lot like a Nashville Warbler.

240. Green Shrike-Vireo (Vireolanius pulchellus) [6/7]
Only one was seen briefly by a couple; all others were heard only. Noted at Metropolitan Nature Park, the Canopy Tower, Pipeline Road, and Plantation Trail.

241. Rufous-browed Peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis) [2/6]
Three were heard from the moving vehicles along the road from the Pan American Highway up to Altos del Maria. One was heard near El Chiru, and two were seen well along the road near the wetland at Playa Juan Hombron.

242. Black-chested Jay (Cyanocorax affinis) [5/13]
The first group was seen well at the Summit Botanical Gardens. Others were seen well along the Plantation Trail and at Cerro Gaital. Others were along the El Charco Trail and on the grounds of the Canopy Lodge by some.

243. Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea) [11/580]
Common in towns, particularly in Gamboa, Colon, and along the Pan American Highway. Also seen in small numbers over the Canopy Tower and in larger numbers in the El Chiru area.

244. Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) [1/5]
All were near the freshwater marsh at Playa Juan Hombron.

245. Mangrove Swallow (Tachycineta albilinea) [4/40]
All were seen repeatedly in the Gamboa area.

246. White-thighed Swallow (Neochelidon tibialis) [2/6]
All were along the road above Chorro el Macho near El Valle. A very tiny swallow.

247. Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) [1/5]
All were near the freshwater marsh at Playa Juan Hombron.

248. Southern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis) [5/46]
Mostly in the Gamboa area and along the Achiote Road. Seen quite well along the Old Gamboa Road.

249. Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) [1/1]
One on a wire in the El Chiru area was pointed out to the rest of us by Mike.

250. Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) [1/1]
Among a large flock of swallows along the Achiote Road, seen flying below eye level where the orange rump was easily seen. Not common anywhere in Panama.

251. Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) [11/650]
Common pretty much everywhere.

252. White-headed Wren (Campylorhynchus albobrunneus) [1/6]
All were along the Achiote Road, where they were seen in very vocal trios.

253. Black-bellied Wren (Thryothorus fasciatoventris) [4/4]
Two were heard, one at the Metropolitan Nature Park and one along the Semaphore Hill Road. Two were seen, with some effort, one along the Old Gamboa Road and one along the Plantation Road.

254. Rufous-breasted Wren (Thryothorus rutilis) [6/30]
Most were heard, including large numbers at the Metropolitan Nature Park and the Old Gamboa Road. With some effort, we did see a couple at the latter site. Also along the Semaphore Hill Road, Chorro Macho, and the Cara Iguana Trail.

255. Bay Wren (Thryothorus nigricapillus) [6/25]
One of the three along the Pipeline Road was seen well, and others seen at Chorro el Macho and Cerro Gaital. Heard at a number of other locales, including the Achiote Road and all other areas around El Valle. Two were heard near El Chiru.

256. Rufous-and-white Wren (Thryothorus rufalbus) [2/3]
Although it gives one of the most beautiful songs of any bird on the trip, it was still disappointing that we didn’t see one. Two were singing along the Old Gamboa Road and one was along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle.

257. Plain Wren (Thryothorus modestus) [6/11]
Mainly in open areas but almost always in dense tangles and difficult to see. Seen along the Achiote Road and in the El Chiru area. Heard along the Old Gamboa Road, near Gamboa, the Cara Iguana Trail and along the road to Altos del Maria.

258. Buff-breasted Wren (Thryothorus leucotis) [4/17]
A similar song to the Bay Wren, but in more open areas. Seen along the Old Gamboa Road, and seen very well along the Chagres River near Gamboa. Also heard at the Summit Botanical Gardens and the Plantation Trail.

259. House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) [9/28]
Seen frequently and at many locations, including the Metropolitan Nature Park, Old Gamboa Road, Summit Gardens, the Achiote Road, the Canopy Lodge, Cerro Gaital, and the El Chiru area.

260. Ochraceous Wren (Troglodytes ochraceus) [2/17]
Two of this montane species were seen, with much difficulty, by some of us at Cerro Gaital. Many were singing all over at Altos del Maria, but were very high up in the mossy trees but we eventually got views of a couple there as well.

261. White-breasted Wood-Wren (Henicorhina leucosticta) [10/16]
Two were seen briefly by some on the sicklebill trail at Cerro Azul, and two others were seen along the Plantation Trail. All others were heard only, along the Semaphore Hill Road, Pipeline Road, Achiote Road, Chorro el Macho, and Cerro Gaital.

262. Gray-breasted Wood-Wren (Henicorhina leucophrys) [2/8]
Three were at Cerro Gaital where one showed itself after much effort. Five were heard at Altos del Maria.

263. Scaly-breasted Wren (Microcerculus marginatus) [5/9]
Heard only, except for one seen by Stella on her day off at the Canopy Lodge. Others were along the Achiote Road, Chorro el Macho, and Cerro Gaital.

264. Song Wren (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus) [3/5]
This usually shy species was, surprisingly, seen each time we encountered it, including three at the El Charco Trail watched in the scope, and one each along the Plantation Trail and the Pipeline Road.

265. Tawny-faced Gnatwren (Microbates cinereiventris) [1/1]
Heard briefly by some at Cerro Gaital.

266. Long-billed Gnatwren (Ramphocaenus melanurus) [8/12]
Most were heard, including individuals at the Metropolitan Nature Park, Old Gamboa Road, Semaphore Hill Road, Plantation Trail, and Cerro Gaital. Two were seen well along the Pipeline Road.

267. Tropical Gnatcatcher (Polioptila plumbea) [4/10]
All were seen in pairs, including along the Semaphore Hill Road, Old Gamboa Road, Summit Gardens, and Pipeline Road.

268. Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) [5/5]
All were seen working the edges of roads or trails, including Semaphore Hill Road, Old Gamboa Road, Pipeline Road, and Altos del Maria.

269. Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) [2/2]
One was on the Trogon Trail along the Achiote Road, and one was seen by Stella at the Canopy Lodge.

270. Pale-vented Thrush (Turdus obsoletus) [1/10]
We worked for a while before finally seeing a group of these in the fog at Altos del Maria.

271. Clay-colored Robin (Turdus grayi) [11/260]
Commonly encountered at most locations, with largest numbers at the feeders in Gamboa and at the Canopy Lodge, and at the Summit Gardens.

272. Tropical Mockingbird (Mimus gilvus) [6/3]
At least one, possibly more, seen most times when we passed through Gamboa. Others were in the Gatun Locks area and at Playa Juan Hombron. Apparently this species was introduced into Panama from Colombia in 1932.

273. Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) [5/8]
Seen at Cerro Azul, the Old Gamboa Road, Chorro el Macho, Cerro Gaital (2), Altos del Maria (2), and the Canopy Lodge (Stella only).

274. Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) [9/39]
Seen in woodlands and at feeders, including the Canopy Tower, Old Gamboa Road, Pipeline Road, Achiote Road, the Canopy Lodge, and Altos del Maria. Largest group was in the El Chiru area.

275. Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) [7/56]
Seen at many locations, with largest numbers along the Old Gamboa Road, and in the Gamboa area. Also found at the Summit Gardens, Pipeline Road, Achiote Road, Gatun Locks, and the El Chiru area.

276. Chestnut-sided Warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) [9/43]
Probably the second or third most frequently encountered North American warbler, seen at most wooded areas. Surprisingly not seen at feeders, as is common in Costa Rica.

277. Black-throated Green Warbler (Dendroica virens) [2/3]
One was along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle and two were at Altos del Maria.

278. Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) [2/2]
Only at higher elevations, with singles at Cerro Gaital and Altos del Maria.

279. Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) [10/71]
The most frequently encountered North American warbler, including the only species regularly seen in small groups. Seen daily.

280. Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) [2/5]
Singles at Cerro Gaital and Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle, two were at Altos del Maria, and one was at the Canopy Lodge.

281. Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) [2/4]
One was near the Chagres River near Gamboa and three were in the El Chiru area.

282. Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) [11/26]
Frequently heard, but only occasionally seen. Recorded almost daily.

283. Kentucky Warbler (Oporornis formosus) [3/2]
One was along the Pipeline Road (both days, same location) and one was along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle.

284. Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia) [2/3]
One was at Chorro el Macho, one was at Altos del Maria, and one was at the Canopy Lodge (Stella only).

285. Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) [1/1]
A female was seen in roadside vegetation, and perching low on a fence, at the freshwater marsh near Playa Juan Hombron.

286. Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) [2/3]
One was at Cerro Gaital and two were at Altos del Maria.

287. Rufous-capped Warbler (Basileuterus rufifrons) [5/25]
Almost always seen in small groups in low vegetation. The first ones along the Old Gamboa Road were the only ones in the vicinity of the Canopy Tower. All others were at higher elevation areas around El Valle.

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288. Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) [5/30]
Surprisingly few seen. Only two were at Cerro Azul and none in the vicinity of the Canopy Tower. Most were at Altos del Maria, and a few were at the feeders at the Canopy Lodge, Chorro el Macho, and in the El Chiru area.

289. Common Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus ophthalmicus) [2/65]
One small group was at Cerro Gaital and several groups were at Altos del Maria.

290. Black-and-yellow Tanager (Chrysothlypis chrysomelaenia) [1/4]
All were at Altos del Maria, with good but brief views of one male and a couple females.

291. Rosy Thrush-Tanager (Rhodinochichla rosea) [3/4]
One was heard at Chorro el Macho and a pair was scoped (thanks to Stella for spotting them) at the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle. One was heard from the vehicle early in the morning along the road down from the Canopy Lodge.

292. Dusky-faced Tanager (Mitrospingus cassinii) [3/11]
One group of about 5 birds was poorly seen in dense undergrowth along the Achiote Road. Two others seen well at Chorro el Macho and easily seen at the feeders at the Canopy Lodge.

293. Gray-headed Tanager (Eucometis penicillata) [2/24]
Most were attending the antswarm along the Old Gamboa Road. Others were on the Trogon Trail along the Achiote Road.

294. White-shouldered Tanager (Tachyphonus luctuosus) [7/33]
Commonly encountered in wooded locations around the Canopy Tower, but not seen from the observation deck there until our last morning. Only one was in the Canopy Lodge area, at the Chorro el Macho trail.

295. Tawny-crested Tanager (Tachyphonus delatrii) [4/42]
Seen in fairly large groups in low shrubbery at Chorro el Macho, Cerro Gaital, and Altos del Maria.

296. White-lined Tanager (Tachyphonus rufus) [4/2]
A male and female were seen repeatedly at the feeders at the Canopy Lodge.

297. Red-crowned Ant-Tanager (Habia rubica) [4/6]
Four were at Chorro el Macho, one was at Cerro Gaital, and one was at the Canopy Lodge.

298. Red-throated Ant-Tanager (Habia fuscicauda) [5/16]
Ten were at the Metropolitan Nature Park with others along the Old Gamboa Road, the Pipeline Road, and the Plantation Trail.

299. Hepatic Tanager (Piranga flava) [1/2]
A male and female were seen well at Cerro Gaital.

300. Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) [3/3]
One male was along the Semaphore Hill Road and one was seen from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower. A female was in the El Chiru area.

301. Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra) [9/16]
At least one was constantly present around the Canopy Tower. Three were at the Summit Gardens, and mostly singles were along the Old Gamboa Road, Plantation Trail, the Canopy Lodge, and Cerro Gaital.

302. Crimson-backed Tanager (Ramphocelus dimidiatus) [9/42]
Very common at the feeders in Gamboa and along the Old Gamboa Road. Also fairly common at the feeders at the Canopy Lodge. Others were at Summit Gardens and along the Achiote Road.

303. Flame-rumped Tanager (Ramphocelus flammigerus) [6/12]
Two females at the feeders in Gamboa and two along the Achiote Road were the only ones in the vicinity of the Canopy Tower. Two were at Chorro el Macho and the remainder were at the Canopy Lodge feeders.

304. Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus) [10/190]
Very common, and seen daily at most locations. Most numerous in Gamboa.

305. Palm Tanager (Thraupis palmarum) [9/110]
Common and seen almost daily at most locations. Most numerous in Gamboa.

306. Yellow-crowned Euphonia (Euphonia luteicapilla) [3/19]
Two seen briefly by some at Cerro Gaital and one heard along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle. We worked very hard to briefly glimpse a few at Altos del Maria. Then, in the lowlands along the road down from there we easily saw a group of perhaps a half dozen. Also easy to see in the El Chiru area.

307. Thick-billed Euphonia (Euphonia laniirostris) [7/14]
A male and female were seen at Cerro Azul and singles were at the Summit Gardens and in Gamboa. At least ten were at the feeders at the Canopy Lodge, including males, females, and immature males.

308. Fulvous-vented Euphonia (Euphonia fulvicrissa) [3/5]
A male and female were seen at Cerro Azul, and another pair was seen along the Pipeline Road. One male was along the Achiote Road.

309. Tawny-capped Euphonia (Euphonia anneae) [2/6]
Two heard by most (seen by Allen) at Cerro Gaital and four seen well at Altos del Maria.

310. Plain-colored Tanager (Tangara inornata) [5/17]
Seen in small numbers with many of the canopy flocks we encountered, including along the Semaphore Hill Road, the feeders in Gamboa, Pipeline Road, Plantation Trail, and the Achiote Road.

311. Silver-throated Tanager (Tangara icterocephala) [3/34]
One was at Chorro el Macho and three were at Cerro Gaital. The rest were at Altos del Maria where it was very common.

312. Emerald Tanager (Tangara florida) [2/3]
One seen by some at Cerro Azul, and two seen well at Altos del Maria.

313. Bay-headed Tanager (Tangara gyrola) [6/10]
Four were at Cerro Azul and one was at the Canopy Tower where it is somewhat rare. Four were at Chorro el Macho, two were at Cerro Gaital, and one was at the Canopy Lodge.

314. Golden-hooded Tanager (Tangara larvata) [5/17]
Several were along the Semaphore Hill Road, and one was along the Achiote Road. Small groups were also at Chorro el Macho, Cerro Gaital, and Altos del Maria.

315. Blue Dacnis (Dacnis cayana) [7/23]
All were in the Canal area, with one or two at most locations.

316. Green Honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza) [7/12]
Widely scattered individuals mainly at areas around the Canal. The first one was at Cerro Azul and one or two were regularly seen from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower. One was at Altos del Maria and one at the Canopy Lodge.

317. Shining Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes lucidus) [1/1]
One male seen briefly from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower. Bright blue with yellow legs.

318. Red-legged Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes cyaneus) [6/41]
Most were along the Semaphore Hill Road and in Gamboa. Smaller numbers were at Summit Gardens, the Canopy Lodge, and along the road to Altos del Maria.

319. Blue-black Grassquit (Volatinia jacarina) [3/31]
Since we didn’t spend much time in open habitats, it was quite a while before we saw our first one. Mike had one near the Ammo Dump Ponds. Good numbers were along the road up to Altos del Maria and in the El Chiru area.

320. Variable Seedeater (Sporophila corvina) [11/162]
Encountered daily in weedy fields and grassy or shrubby areas.

321. Yellow-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila nigricollis) [1/1]
A male seen on the grass somewhat distantly while waiting at the Gatun Locks.

322. Yellow-faced Grassquit (Tiaris olivacea) [4/37]
A few were at Cerro Azul. Not seen again until we got to the Canopy Lodge where there were a couple on the grounds there. Most were on the drive up to Cerro Gaital, with others along the road up to, and at, Altos del Maria.

323. Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola) [2/11]
One was in the fence of the prison near Gamboa, where it hasn’t been recorded before. All others were in the Gatun Locks area. This species was (inadvertently?) introduced to the Caribbean side of the Panama Canal from South America in 1951.

324. Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch (Atlapetes brunneinucha) [2/2]
Seen briefly by some at the beginning of the Cerro Gaital trail.

325. Orange-billed Sparrow (Arremon aurantiirostris) [6/13]
A few (it sounded like more) were heard along the dark trail at the Metropolitan Nature Park. Others were along the Old Gamboa Road, the Trogon Trail along the Achiote Road, Chorro el Macho (several), and the Canopy Lodge.

326. Black-striped Sparrow (Arremonops conirostris) [5/3]
One was seen fairly well at Cerro Azul, and a couple frequented the feeders at the Canopy Lodge where they were seen very well.

327. Streaked Saltator (Saltator striatipectus) [4/5]
The first one was seen quite well along the Old Gamboa Road. Others were at Chorro el Macho, the Canopy Lodge, the Cara Iguana Trail, and the El Chiru area.

328. Buff-throated Saltator (Saltator maximus) [8/14]
The first was seen at Gamboa, and another near there along the Chagres River. Others were at the Summit Gardens, along the Achiote Road, at the Canopy Lodge, Cerro Gaital, Altos del Maria, and the El Chiru area.

329. Black-headed Saltator (Saltator atriceps) [1/1]
Seen well by most of us along the Achiote Road.

330. Slate-colored Grosbeak (Saltator grossus) [2/3]
One was heard along the Semaphore Hill Road, and two were seen well after some effort by some along the road between the Canopy Lodge and Chorro el Macho.

331. Blue-black Grosbeak (Cyanocompsa cyanoides) [4/6]
Three were at the Metropolitan Nature Park but only female was seen well. A male was seen briefly along the Old Gamboa Road and another was seen well along the Pipeline Road. Stella saw one at the Canopy Lodge.

332. Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) [1/2]
One was seen by some behind the Nature Center along the Achiote Road, and a weak female was closely approached near Fort San Lorenzo after the torrential rain stopped.

333. Dickcissel (Spiza americana) [1/1]
One seen by some near the shoreline near Fort San Lorenzo.

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334. Red-breasted Blackbird (Sturnella militaris) [1/6]
First seen in the grassy areas near the Gatun Locks, and others in the open areas at the start of the Achiote Road.

335. Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) [2/6]
The resident Panamanian subspecies, first seen near the Gatun Locks. Others were along the road near El Chiru.

336. Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) [10/1025]
Very common in Panama City and along the Pan American Highway, as well as in the Gamboa, Colon, and El Chiru areas.

337. Giant Cowbird (Molothrus oryzivorus) [2/5]
Not many seen as the oropendolas were not nesting yet. Seen at the Summit Gardens and along the Pan American Highway.

338. Yellow-backed Oriole (Icterus chrysater) [4/4]
One was heard along Semaphore Hill Road, one was seen well at the Summit Gardens, one was along the Achiote Road, and one along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle.

339. Yellow-tailed Oriole (Icterus mesomelas) [2/7]
Three were seen well at the Ammo Dump Ponds and four were also seen well along the Achiote Road.

340. Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) [5/8]
One was at the feeders in Gamboa, one was along the Old Gamboa Road, one was along the Achiote Road, three were along the road up to Altos del Maria, and two were in the El Chiru area.

341. Orchard Oriole (Icterus spurius) [1/1]
An adult male was seen well along the road near El Chiru.

342. Yellow-billed Cacique (Amblycerus holosericeus) [2/2]
Heard only, one along the Old Gamboa Road and one along the Achiote Road. This species is always skulky and difficult to see.

343. Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela) [2/12]
Most were at the Summit Gardens. Two were at the Pipeline Road.

344. Scarlet-rumped Cacique (Cacicus microrhynchus) [6/33]
Always in vocal groups, seen well at the Pipeline Road, Plantation Trail, and Achiote Road. One or two were heard along the Semaphore Hill Road.

345. Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus) [1/1]
Seen well, though distantly, in an open Cecropia tree along the Achiote Road.

346. Chestnut-headed Oropendola (Psarocolius wagleri) [4/10]
Most were at the Summit Gardens, where they were seen well. Others were seen well along the Plantation Trail and the Pipeline Road. One was seen at the Canopy Lodge by Jeff and Cheri.

347. House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) [2/3]
Try as we might to NOT see one, we had two in Gamboa and one in Colon.

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AMPHIBIAN LIST

1. Litter Toad (Bufo haematiticus)  [20]
Probably the most common toad encountered. Seen along the Pipeline Road, El Charco Trail, Plantation Trail, and Achiote Road.

2. South American Common Toad (Bufo margaritifer)  [10]
Seen along the Pipeline Road and other locations.

3. Southern Roughgland Toad (Bufo coccifer)  [1]
Seen along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle.

4. Granular Toad (Bufo granulosus)  [1]
Seen near the waterfall at Altos del Maria.

5. Goliath Frog (Hyla rosenbergi)  [1]
Flopped into the road in front of us on our night drive near the town of Summit.

6. Panama Cross-banded Treefrog (Smilisca sila)  [1]
Seen behind the hummingbird feeder one night at the Canopy Lodge.

7. Green-and-black Poison Arrow Frog (Dendrobates auratus)  [1]
Seen briefly on the bridge along the El Charco Trail near the Canopy Tower.

8. Talamanca Rocket Frog (Colostethus talamancus)  [300]
Very common along the Pipeline Road, where we eventually saw one. Also along the Semaphore Hill Road, Plantation Trail, Canopy Lodge, and Chorro el Macho.

9. Tungara Frog (Physalaemus pustulosus)  [20]
Most were heard giving their mewing-like calls on our night drive near Summit. Others were heard along the Pipeline Road, the Achiote Road, and Chorro el Macho.

REPTILE LIST

1. American Crocodile (Crocodilus acutus) [3]
The first one was near Gamboa, the second was at the Summit Pond, and the third was on the Chagres River.

2. Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus)  [2]
One was in the creek at 2 kilometers along the Pipeline Road, and the other was in the creek along the El Charco Trail near the Canopy Tower.

3. Common Slider (Trachemys scripta)   [2]
One was along the Chagres River near Gamboa and the other was in the stream at the Canopy Lodge.

4. Common Basilisk (Basiliscus basiliscus)  [3]
Small ones were seen along the Pipeline Road, and one large one was in the stream at the Canopy Lodge.

5. Green Iguana (Iguana iguana)  [3]
The first was at the Ammo Dump Ponds, and two were seen from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower.

6. Slender Anole (Norops limifrons)  [1]
In the vegetation at the base of the Canopy Tower

7. Many-scaled Anole (Norops polylepis)  [1]
Around the gardens at the Canopy Lodge.

8. Common Amieva (Amieva amieva)  [1]
A rather large individual was on the steps at the Canopy Lodge.

9. Four-lined Amieva (Amieva quadrilineata)  [10]
All were seen along the edges of the Pipeline Road, only when the sun came out.

10. Festive Amieva (Amieva festiva)  [2]
One was along the Trogon Trail on the Achiote Road and one was around the single accommodations at the Canopy Lodge.

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MAMMAL LIST

1. Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata)  [40]
Many were seen and even more heard, incuding family groups. Most memorable was the single male very close to the Canopy Tower. Also at the Old Gamboa Road, Summit Gardens, Plantation Trail, Pipeline Road, and Achiote Road.

2. White-faced Capuchin (Cebus capucinus)  [7]
A small group was heard along the Semaphore Hill Road. One was seen well, crossing an open grassy area, at the entrance to the Pipeline Road, and others were heard along the Plantation Trail and Achiote Road.

3. Geoffroy's Tamarin (Sanguinus geoffroyi)  [16]
Seen in small groups at Metropolitan Nature Park, Semaphore Hill Road, Old Gamboa Road, Pipeline Road, and near the Gamboa Rainforest Resort.

4. Hoffman's Two-toed Sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni)  [3]
The first one was seen very well from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower. Others were near Gamboa and along the Plantation Trail. 

5. Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus variegatus)  [20]
The first one was seen very well from the observation deck at the Canopy Tower. The day we went to the Plantation Trail and Chagres River we had an amazing eight of them! Also found along the Pipeline Road, Achiote Road, Chorro el Macho (female with baby), and the Canopy Lodge.

6. Northern Tamandua (Tamandua mexicana)  [1]
Seen very well, fairly low in a tree, after the torrential rain near Fort San Lorenzo.

7. White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica)  [15]
Aside from a couple of regularly seen groups along the Semaphore Hill Road, only one other was seen, along the Pipeline Road.

9. Variegated Squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides)  [2]
One was seen well along the Cara Iguana Trail near El Valle, and another was at the Canopy Lodge.

10. Red-tailed Squirrel (Sciurus granatensis)  [12]
The most frequently seen squirrel, with several along the Semaphore Hill Road and others at the Metropolitan Nature Park, Pipeline Road, Plantation Trail, Chorro el Macho trail, and at the Canopy Lodge.

11. Central American Dwarf Squirrel (Microsciurus alfari)  [1]
Seen well at Altos del Maria where we watched it start at eye level then climb well up into a tree. Then, it fell out of the tree!

12. Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)  [2]
This essentially South American species was seen at the Ammo Dump Ponds and near the Gatun Locks.

13. Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)  [25]
First seen at the Metropolitan Nature Park. Several were seen regularly along the Semaphore Hill Road as well, but the easiest to see were definitely under the feeders in the town of Gamboa. Others were along the Pipeline Road, near the Chagres River, and along the Achiote Road.

14. Paca (Agouti paca)  [1]
Although similar in appearance to Agoutis, the Paca is much larger and spotted with white. It also is entirely nocturnal and rarely seen. So, some of us were lucky to glimpse one along the Semaphore Hill Road on our way out to look for owls.

15. Forest Rabbit (Sylvilagus brasiliensis)  [1]
Seen briefly by some along the Semaphore Hill Road on our way back from looking for owls.

16. Greater Fishing Bat (Noctilio leporinus)  [5]
The large bats seen around the hummingbird feeder at the Canopy Lodge, where there was also a small fountain pond, were probably this species.

17. Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga commissarisi)  [10]
Seen coming in to the hummingbird feeder at the Canopy Lodge. It is also possible the species involved was actually Glossophaga soricina but it prefers more open, drier forests according to the field guide.

BUTTERFLY LIST

1. King Swallowtail (Papilio thoas)  [1]
Canopy Tower.

2. Clearwing (Ithomia diasa)  [3]
Cerro Azul, Cerro Gaital.

3. Heliconia (Heliconius vetustus) [3]
Pipeline Road,

4. Heliconia (Heliconius cyndo chioneus)  [1]
Pipeline Road.

5. Heliconia (Heliconius doris)  [2]
Pipeline Road.

6. Heliconia (Heliconius erato)  [2]
Achiote Road.

7. Forest Giant Owl (Caligo eurilochus)  [2]
Cerro Gaital, Canopy Lodge.

8. Togama Stripestreak (Lycaenidae: Arawacus togarna)  [2]
Pipeline Road.

9. Skipper (Hyalothyrus neleus)  [2]
Brown with large white spots on hindwings. Canopy Tower.

OTHER INSECTS LIST

Army Ant (Eciton burchellii)
Semaphore Hill, Old Gamboa Road, Pipeline Road, Plantation Trail.

Leafcutter Ant (Atta sp.)
Seen pretty much daily at most forested locations.

Fire Ants
Pipeline Road.

Termites
Old Gamboa Road,

Helicopter Damselfly (Mecistogaster linearis)  [5]
Old Gamboa Road,

Eight-spotted Flea Beetle (Chrysomelidae: Omophoita cyanipennis) [1]
Pipeline Road,

Long-necked Weevil (Curculionidae: Brentus anchorago)  [1]
Altos del Maria.

Long-horned Beetle (Cerambycidae: Xenofrea camixaima)  [1]
Canopy Lodge.

ORCHIDS LIST

1. (Epidendrum radicans)
Cerro Gaital.

2. (Elleanthus robustus)
Altos del Maria.

3. (Encyclia vespa)
Altos del Maria.

4. (Masdevallia chontalensis)
Altos del Maria.

5. (Psygmorchis pusilla)
Altos del Maria.

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